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ABSTRACT Objective: Sexual dysfunction among women with diabetes is a common but neglected health issue worldwide. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its associated factors among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study comprises 150 women with diabetes and 100 healthy women without diabetes who visited the endocrinology outpatient department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH). The data were collected from July to December 2019. Sexual dysfunction was assessed by the 19-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Informed consent was obtained before participation. Collected data were analysed by SPSS 26. Results: More women with diabetes than control subjects reported sexual dysfunction (79% vs. 72%; p = 0.864). The global FSFI score was lower among the diabetes patients than among the healthy controls (20.8 ± 7.2 vs. 23.7 ± 4.8; p < 0.001). Patients with T2DM scored significantly lower in the domains of desire (p = 0.04), lubrication (p = 0.01), orgasm (p = 0.01), and satisfaction (p < 0.001), but not the domain of arousal (p = 0.09). A prolonged duration of diabetes was the primary contributor to orgasm problems (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.7) and painful intercourse (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.5). Conclusion: Sexual problems are frequent in women with diabetes. Inclusion of sexual health in comprehensive diabetes management is crucial to address this problem as well as to improve the quality of life of female diabetes patients.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming one of themajor health problems worldwide. Especially in South EastAsia, type 2 diabetes has gained critical significance. Asprediabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, it has becomean important concern to prevent diabetes at an early stage inBangladesh.Objectives: Estimation of serum zinc level and establishmentof its relation with glycemic status in individuals with prediabetes.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional studyencompassed 126 (age: 35.09±9.96 years, mean ± SD; Sex:16/110, M/F) subjects with prediabetes and 126(age:29.08±9.28 years, mean ± SD; Sex: 22/104, M/F) healthynondiabetic controls from the out-patient department ofEndocrinology, BSMMU consecutively. Serum zinc wasmeasured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.Height, weight, waist circumference, acanthosis nigricans,hypertension, SGPT& serum creatinine were recorded asconfounding variables.Results: Serum zinc level in persons with prediabetes waslower than that in control (0.76±0.01 vs. 0.78±0.01mg/L,M±SEM, p=0.28). There was statistically significant differencefor zinc level in gender groups (M vs. F: 0.84±0.02 vs.0.75±0.01 mg/L, M±SEM, p<0.001) and monthly family incomegroups (p=0.02). Also zinc level was statistically similar amongglycemic status groups apart from zinc level in between controland combined glucose intolerance (CGI) groups (control vs.CGT: 0.78±0.01 vs. 0.72±0.02mg/L, M±SEM, p=0.03). Amongcases comparisons between groups with or without risk factorslike: smoking (0.72±0.03 vs. 0.76±0.10 mg/L, p=0.42),smokeless tobacco (0.73±0.03 vs. 0.76±0.01mg/L, p=0.46),hypertension (0.80±0.03 vs. 0.75±0.01 mg/L, p= 0.14), familyhistory of DM (0.75±0.02 vs. 0.77±0.02mg/L, p=0.52), familyhistory of CVD (0.74±0.02vs.0.77±0.01mg/L,p=0.28), overweight (0.76±0.01 vs.0.74±0.05mg/L, P=0.59), waistcircumference (0.75±0.01 vs. 0.79±0.04mg/L, p=0.40) andacanthosis nigricans (0.75±0.02 vs. 0.76±0.02mg/L, p=0.70),showed no statistically significant difference. None of thevariables like age (r= -0.02, p=0.19), BMI (r= 0.14, p=0.12),FPG (r= -0.05, p=0.60) and PG 2h after 75g glucose (r=0.10,p=0.28), HbA1c (r=0.04, p=0.64), serum creatinine (r=0.01,p=0.87) showed significant relationship with the level of zincexcept SGPT which showed significant relation with zincamong cases (r= 0.28, p=0.002) and among all participants(r=0.17, p=0.008) but not in control group (r=0.07, p=0.43).Conclusion: It is concluded that persons with prediabetes hadserum zinc level within normal limit and there was found nostatistically significant relationship between HbA1c and zinc
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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance HD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the hemodialysis unit of a military hospital of Bangladesh from October 2013 to March 2014 and included 141 maintenance HD patients. All patients were assessed by HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies in addition to routine liver function tests.Results: The age range of the study subjects were 18-70 years, and the majority (85.11%) were male. Among them 22 (15.60%) were positive for anti HCV, 5(3.5%) were positive for HBsAg, and 3 patients (2.13%) were positive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV. The duration of hemodialysis was higher in anti-HCV positive patients (49±24 vs. 25±10 months, p <0.05) than anti-HCV negative ones. Anti-HCV positive patients in this study received a higher number of blood transfusion (units) than anti-HCV negative patients (7.5±4.3 vs. 2.8±1.7 units, p <0.05). HBsAg positive patients also received a higher number of blood transfusion (units) than HBsAg negative patients (8.2±3.1 vs. 3.2±1.2 units, p <0.05).Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus was the major form of hepatitis in HD patients in this study. The duration of HD was higher in anti-HCV positive patients; the numbers of blood transfusion units were higher in patients positive for HCV and HBV than the negative ones.
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Not all cases of rheumatic fever (RF) end up as rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The fact raises the possibility of existence of a subgroup with characteristics that prevent RF patients from developing the RHD. The present study aimed at exploring the risk factors among patients with RHD. The study assessed the risk of RHD among people both with and without RF. In total, 103 consecutive RHD patients were recruited as cases who reported to the National Centre for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of 309 controls, 103 were RF patients selected from the same centre, and the remaining 206 controls were selected from Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, who got admitted for other non-cardiac ailments. RHD was confirmed by auscultation and colour Doppler echocardiography. RF was diagnosed based on the modified Jones criteria. An unadjusted odds ratio was generated for each variable, with 95% confidence interval (CI), and only significant factors were considered candidate for multivariate analysis. Three separate binary logistic regression models were generated to assess the risk factors of RF, risk factors of RHD compared to non-rheumatic control patients, and risk factors of RHD compared to control with RF. RF and RHD shared almost a similar set of risk factors in the population. In general, age over 19 years was found to be protective of RF; however, age of the majority (62.1%) of the RHD cases was over 19 years. Women [odds ratio (OR)=2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.3], urban resident (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.2–8.4), dwellers in brick-built house (OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.6-8.1), having >2 siblings (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.5- 6.3), offspring of working mothers (OR=7.6, 95% CI 2.0-24.2), illiterate mother (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.2-5.8), and those who did not brush after taking meals (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.3) were more likely to develop RF. However, more than 5 members in a family showed a reduced risk of RF. RHD shared almost a similar set of factors in general. More than three people sharing a room also showed an increased risk of RHD (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.4), in addition to the risk factors of RF. Multivariate model also assessed the factors that may perpetuate RHD among RF patients. Overcrowding (OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) and illiteracy (OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.2) posed the risk of RHD in the RF patients. The study did not find new factors that might pose an increased risk, rather looked for the documented risk factors and how these operate in the population of Bangladesh.